Sarvanivarana-Vishkambhin Bodhisattva 除蓋障菩薩
In Buddhism, Bhumi, or stage. Every stage represents a level of attainment in that case and serves as the basis for the next one. Each level marks a definite advancement in one's training that is accompanied by progressively greater power and wisdom.
Stages, or Bhumi, is a Sanskrit word for "land" or "ground," and the list of ten Bhumis are ten "lands" a Bodhisattva must pass through on the way to Buddhahood. The Bhumis were important to early Mahayana Buddhism. A list of ten Bhumis appears in several Mahayana texts, although they are not always identical. The Bhumis are also associated with the perfections, or Paramitas.
The ten Bhumis literally mean the "grounds" or levels of Bodhisattvas in which the qualities of their training unfold. With the attainment of the tenth Bhumi, one arrives at and eventually reaches perfection at complete enlightenment.
Goddess of Saraswati / Yang Chenma
Many schools of Buddhism describe some kind of path of development. Often, these are extensions of the Eightfold Path. Since this is a description of the progress of a Bodhisattva, much of the list below promotes the turning from concern for oneself to concern for others.
In Mahayana Buddhism, the Bodhisattva is the ideal of practise. This is an enlightened being who vows to remain in the world until all other beings realise enlightenment.
Here is a standard list taken from the Dashabhumika-sutra, which is taken from the larger Avatamsaka, or Flower Garland Sutra.
- The stage of joy, in which one rejoices at realising a partial aspect of the truth.
- The stage of freedom from defilement, in which one is free from all defilement.
- The stage of the emission of light, in which one radiates the light of wisdom.
- The stage of glowing wisdom, in which the flame of wisdom burns away earthly desires.
- The stage of the Difficult to Master. (Sanskrit: sudurjaya), in which one surmounts the illusions of darkness, or ignorance as the Middle Way.
- The stage of the sixth Bhumi, the manifest (Sanskrit: Abhimukhī) in which supreme wisdom begins to manifest.
- The stage of the seventh Bhumi, the Gone Afar (Sanskrit: Duramgama), in which one rises above the states of the two vehicles.
- The eighth bhumi, the immovable (Sanskrit: acala), in which one dwells firmly in the truth of the Middle Way and cannot be perturbed by anything.
Avalokiteshvara
The eighth bhumi, the Immovable
The eighth level is called immovable because Bodhisattvas overcome all afflictions regarding signs and their minds are always completely absorbed in the Dharma. At this level, a bodhisattva has achieved nirvana. According to Nagarjuna
The eighth is the immovable, the youthful stage.
Through nonconceptuality, he is immovable.
And the spheres of his body, speech, and mind's.
Activities are inconceivable.
Because they are fully acquainted with signlessness, their minds are not moved by ideas of signs. Eighth Bhumi bodhisattvas are said to be "irreversible", because there is no longer any possibility that they might waver on the path or backslide. They are destined for full Buddhahood, and there are no longer any inclinations to seek personal nirvana.
They cultivate the "perfection of aspiration", which means that they undertake to fulfil various vows, due to which they accumulate the causes of further virtues. Although they resolve to work for the benefit of others and pervade the universe with feelings of friendliness towards all sentient beings, these bodhisattvas have transcended any tendency to misunderstand anatta.
Their understanding of emptiness is so complete that it overturns innate delusions, and reality appears in a completely new light. They enter into meditation on emptiness with little effort. Bodhisattvas on this level are compared to people who have awakened from dreams, and all their perceptions are influenced by this new awareness.
They attain the meditative state called "forbearance regarding non-arisen phenomena", due to which they no longer think in terms of inherent causes or inherent causelessness. They also develop the ability to manifest in various forms in order to instruct others. Compassion and skillful means are automatic and spontaneous. There is no need to plan or contemplate how best to benefit others since Bodhisattvas on the eighth level automatically react correctly to every situation.
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Aspiration For Bodhichitta
For those in whom the precious Bodhichitta has not arisen
May it arise and not decrease.
But increase further and further.
Dedication of Merit
By this merit, may we then obtain omniscience then.
Having defeated the enemies wrongdoings
May we liberate migratory from the ocean of existence.
With its stormy waves of birth, old age, sickness, and death.
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